Notes

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The Works of Jean Piaget 1896 – 1980 Barry Schiller www.ucn-web.info

"“ Children have real understanding..."  “ Children have real understanding only of that which they invent themselves, and each time  that we try to teach them something too quickly, we prevent them from reinventing it themselves”                                                       Jean Piaget

INTRODUCTION The Man Chronology The work s The Theories Terminology Bibliography

THE MAN 1896 Born August 9th Neufchatel, Switzerland 1906 Published first paper 1918 Obtained Doctorate in Zoology from Neufchatel and studied Psychology at Zurich 1923 The language and thought of the Child 1924 Judgement and Reasoning in the Child

The MAN (cont) 1925-29 Professor of philosophy at Neuchatel 1929 Professor of Child Psychology at Geneva and established centre of Genetic Epistemology 1939 – 1952 Chairperson of Sociology at Geneva 1940 – 1971 Chairperson of Genetic and experimental psychology at Geneva 1948 Published “The Origins of Intelligence in Children” Revised 1952

THE MAN (cont) 1955-1980 Director of International Centre for Genetic Epistemology 1964 The early Growth of Logic in the Child 1970 Science of Education and the psychology of the Child September 16th 1980 Died at age 84

THE WORKS Observations of an Albino Sparrow Identified the child’s four stages of mental growth Standardized Burt’s test of intelligence Interest in cognitive development begins Becomes interested in child language development

THE WORKS (cont) Based much of work on observation of limited numbers Interned in Genetic Epistomology , established Centre for Genetic Epistemology

EPISTOMOLOGY Term for part of Cognition Theory Endeavours to investigate cognition in the most varied fields of knowledge by throwing a critical light on the objects of investigation

“Epistemology itself can be science when it is concerned with research into mechanisms of scientific knowledge”                                                 Jean Piaget

Piaget: What makes the wind? Julia: The trees. Piaget: How do you know? Julia: I saw them waving their arms. Piaget: How does that make the wind? Julia: I saw them waving their arms. Piaget: How does that make the wind?  Julia: (Waving her hand in front of his face): Like this. Only they are bigger. And there are lots of trees. Piaget: What makes the wind on the ocean? Julia: It blows there from the land. No it’s the waves….

THE WORKS (cont) Beliefs not correct by adult criterion but are not incorrect either classifying them as ‘true’ and ‘false’ we miss the real point and show a lack of respect for the child. young children are in very good stead when they do not know enough or have enough skill to handle the kind of explanation that elders would prefer to have known.

THE WORKS (cont) The Language and Thought of the Child, published in 1923, Judgment and Reasoning in the Child; published in 1924; The Child’s conception of the world, published in 1926, The Child’s Conception of Physical Causality, published in 1930 The Moral Judgment of Child, published in 1932

"The adult thinks socially, even when he is alone and the child under seven thinks egocentrically, even in the society of others”  "They form logic of action but not yet a logic of thought."

THE WORKS (cont) Moral Judgment of the Child (1932). four stages of moral development of child Logic and Epistemology (1953). four stages of cognitive development :Genetic Epistemology laid foundations for the development of another set or schema Theory included large number of different skill sets of schemas influenced by Gestaltists

THE THEORIES THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION PROCESSING COGNITIVE THEORY

THE THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT series of 4 distinct stages in intellectual development (1) Motor or Individual Stage : (Birth to 2 years) In this stage, motor habits assume a ritual character or he responds according to his own desires. (2) Co-operative Stage : (2 to 7 years of age) In this stage, the child’s play is with a disregard for rules. (3) Codification of Rules Stage : (7 to 11 years of age) In this stage, rules are respected through the notion of them is vague. (4) Egocentric Stage : (11 to 12 years of age) In this stage, the child observes the society’s rules, customs, etc.

THE PIAGETIAN STAGE (BIRTH TO 2 YEARS) infants (small child) construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences infant progresses from reflective, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought  understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight emerges at this time

THE SECOND PIAGETIAN STAGE (2 to 7 YEARS) children begin to think symbolically and they use language children begin to represent the world with words, images and drawings use of language is not always as sophisticated, as it might seem unable to take the viewpoint of other one doesn’t realize that your views differ from his.

THIRD PIAGETIAN STAGE (7 to 11 YEARS) can perform operations, and logical reasoning replace intuitive thought as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples mastery of Conservation begin to use concepts of time, space and number.

FINAL PIAGETIAN STAGE (11 to 15 YEARS) think in abstract and more logical terms learns in this final stage to manipulate abstract ideas, make hypothesis, and is also able to see the implications of his own thinking and that of others able to compare their parents with ideal parents with the ideal standard. full adult intellectual ability is attained to formal operations                                                                       cont.

FINAL PIAGETIAN STAGE (11 to 15 YEARS) Older adolescents are capable to reason inductive and deductive way of logic able to learn algebra, mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and other abstract subjects children continuously gain specific knowledge

INFORMATION PROCESSING COGNITIVE THEORY How individuals process information about their world

Moral Development (1) Motor or Individual Stage : (Birth to 2 years) (2) Co-operative Stage : (2 to 7 years of age) 3) Codification of Rules Stage : (7 to 11 years of age) 4) Egocentric Stage : (11 to 12 years of age)

) Motor or Individual Stage (Birth to 2 year) In this stage, motor habits assume a ritual character or he responds according to his own desires. Co-operative Stage : (2 to 7 years of age) In this stage, the child’s play is with a disregard for rules. Codification of Rules Stage : (7 to 11 years of age) In this stage, rules are respected though the notion of them is vague. Egocentric Stage : (11 to 12 years of age) In this stage, the child observes the society’s rules, customs, etc.

Intellectual Development there is a growth of intellect in childhood all children pass through a series of distinct stages intellect grows through the process of Assimilation Fitting new information into existing schemes. and Accommodation. Altering existing schemes or creating new ones in response to new information.

Language Development By 6 months environmental influences have great importance At about the age of 1 The first word is spoken By the age of 1½ to 2 years, their vocabulary may include from 24 to 270 words, This increases up to 2600 or more words at the age of six. Starting primary school the children understand around 8,000 words and use about 4000

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Parent’s role in the Child’s Language Development

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bee, H. 2002. Lifespan Development. Boston Bringuier, J-C, 1980. Conversations with Jean Piaget. United States of America. Flanagan, C. 1994. A Level Psychology, Letts Study Guide. London. Stubbotsky. 1992. Foundations of the Mind. Hertfordshire. Vygotsky, L. 1997. Thought and language. United States of America. Flavell, J. Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget. Pricetown NJ www.top-psychology.com October 2002 www.Piaget.org October 2002